Which convention defined hijacking and called for severe punishment for offenders?

The Hague Convention is recognized for specifically addressing the issue of hijacking, formally known as unlawful seizure of aircraft. Adopted in 1970, the Hague Convention established international legal standards for the treatment of hijacking incidents. It sought to combat the growing trend of aircraft hijacking during the late 20th century by mandating that countries implement effective measures against such acts.

Moreover, the convention laid down the principle that offenders of hijacking should face severe punishment in accordance with domestic law, thereby promoting international cooperation in prosecuting those who commit these crimes. The intention was to deter potential hijackers by establishing a clear consequence for their actions on an international scale and ensuring that states would take a unified stand against terrorism and acts of violence in aviation.

In contrast, the other conventions mentioned focus on different aspects of international flight safety and security. The Tokyo Convention primarily deals with offenses occurring on board aircraft, the Montreal Convention addresses the liability of carriers in the case of wrongful deprivation of passengers' rights, and the Chicago Convention sets the framework for international civil aviation but does not specifically address hijacking. Thus, the Hague Convention remains the defining legal instrument when it comes to hijacking and the associated repercussions.